1. Art Institute of Chicago Bulletin 44, no. 4 (Nov. 1950).
2. Oswald Goetz, Hie Hencktt Judas, Form und Inhalt,
Kunstgeschichltliche Studien Otto Schmitt zum 60. Jeburtstag am 13. Dezember 1950
dangebracht von seinen Freunden, ed. Hans Wentzel (Stuttgart, 1950), p. 106.
3. Goetz, Hie Hencktt Judas, p. 105; see also G. Schiller,
Iconography of Christian Art, trans. ?? Greenwich, Conn., 1972, p. 78.
4. Goetz, Hie Hencktt Judas, p. 137.
5. Matthew 27:3-5.
page 102
6. J. R. Harris, "Did Judas really commit suicide?" American
Journal of Theology (1900), 493-95.
7. Harris, "Did Judas," p. 494.
8. Lester K. Little, Religious Poverty and the Profit Economy in
Medieval Europe (Ithaca, 1978), p. 43.
9. Ruth Mellinkoff, Outcasts: Signs of Otherness in Northern
European Art of the Late Middle Ages (Berkeley, 1993), pp. 134-35.
10. Little. Religious Poverty, p. 53.
11. Little, Religious Poverty, p. 77.
12. Emile Mâle, Religious Art in France: The Late Middle
Ages (Princeton, 1986), pp. 116 and 301.
13. Mâle, Religious Art, p. 351.
14. Michael Baxandall, The Limewood Sculptors of
Renaissance Germany (New Haven and London, 1990), p. 12.
15. Baxandall, The Limewood Sculptors, p. 75.
16. A. C. Gow, The Red Jews: Antisemitism in an Apocalyptic
Age, 1200-1600 (Leiden and New York), 1995, p. 127.
17. J. Trachtenberg, The Devil and the Jews: The Medieval
Conception of the Jew and Its Relation to Modern Antisemitism (New Haven, 1943),
p. 224, note 5.
18. Goetz notes this similarity in his article on the panel (p. 108).
According to Mellinkoff, red hair was commonly used in depictions of peasants as well as of Jews
(p. 149).
19. Mellinkoff, Outcasts, p. 137.
20. R. B. Barnes, Prophecy and Gnosis: Apocalypticism in the
Wake of the Lutheran Reformation (Stanford, 1988), pp. 30-31 and 142.
21. W. Klaassen, Living at the End of the Ages: Apocalyptic
Expectation in the Radical Reformation (Lanham, Md, 1992), pp. 37-40. Müntzer
shared this understanding of the peasants as God's elect with many contemporary reformers and
preachers. Further study of the sermons of popular preachers and the upheaval of the Peasants'
War would be helpful. I have chosen Müntzer purely as a useful example.
22. H. R. Hammerstein, "The Battle of the Booklets: Prognostic
tradition and proclamation of the word in early sixteenth-century Germany," in 'Astrologi
Hallucinati': Stars and the End of the World in Luther's Time, ed. P. Zambelli (Berlin, 1986),
pp. 133-38. Further investigation of astrological and biblical predictions as they related to the
Peasants' War would perhaps help clarify this point.
23. Stephen Greenblatt, Learning to Curse: Essays in Early
Modern Culture (New York, 1990), pp. 99-130.
