l. I am grateful to Ann Kleimola and the editors of this collection
for their suggestions and criticisms, and to the summer program of the
Russian and East European Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
for its assistance.
2. E. Golubinskii, Prepodobnyi Sergii Radonezhskii i sozdannaia
im Troitskaia Lavra (Moscow, 1892); Pierre Gonneau, La Maison de
la Sainte Trinité (Paris, 1993); David B. Miller, "The Cult
of Saint Sergius of Radonezh and Its Political Uses," Slavic Review
52 (1993), 680-99; V. A. Kuchkin, "Dmitrii Donskoi i Sergii Radonezhskii
v kanun Kulikovskoi bitvy," in Tserkov', obshchestvo i gosudarstvo v
feodal'noi Rossii, ed. A. I. Klibanov (Moscow, 1990), pp. 103-25.
3. In a large literature on the cult of saints, see esp. Peter Brown,
The Cult of Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity (Chicago,
1981); Stephen D. White, Custom, Kinship and Gifts to Saints: The ‘Laudatio
Parentum' in Western France, 1050-1150 (Chapel Hill, 1988), pp. 19-39;
Barbara H. Rosenwein, To Be the Neighbor of Saint Peter: The Social
Meaning of Cluny's Property, 909-1049 (Ithaca, 1989).
4. Ludwig Steindorf, using records of the Iosifo-volokolamskii Monastery,
Memoria in Altrussland: Untersuchungen zu den Formen christlicher Totensorge
(Stuttgart, 1994); Steindorf, "Klöster als zentren der Totensorge
in Altrussland," Forschungen zur osteuropäischen Geschichte [hereafter
FOG] 50 (1995), 337-53; Steindorf, "Marija Golenina: Totensorge
als Identitätsstiftung" and Miller, "Donors to the Trinity-Sergius
Monastery as a Community of Venerators: Origins, 1360s-1462," forthcoming
in the Proceedings of a 1994 conference held at UCLA on "Culture and Identity
in Muscovy, 1389-1584," ed. Ann Kleimola and Gail Lenhoff (Moscow, 1997),
are the only published works of this sort. Jennifer Spock is doing
an analogous study using records of the Solovki Monastery as a doctoral
dissertation in History at Yale University.
5. Ann Kleimola, "‘In Accordance with the Canons of the Holy Apostles':
Muscovite Dowries and Women's Property Rights," Russian Review 51
(1992), 204-29; Eve Levin, "Zhenshchina v srednevekovom Novgorode XI-XV
vv," Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta, Ser. 8: Istoriia 3 (1983),
78-89; Sandra Levy, "Women and the Control of Property in Sixteenth-Century
Moscow," Russian History 10 (1983), 201-12; Carsten Goehrke, "Die
Witwe im alten Russland," FOG 38 (1986), 64-96; N. L Pushkarova,
"Imushchestvennye prava zhenshchin na Rusi (X-XV vv.)," Istoricheskie
zapiski 113 (1986), 180-224; Daniel H. Kaiser, "Women's Property in
Muscovite Families, 1500-1700" (paper presented at the conference on "Women
in the History of the Russian Empire," Kent State University and the University
of Akron, August 1988); Kaiser, "Women, Property and the Law in Early Modern
Russia" (paper presented at Indiana University, April 1988); George G.
Weickhardt, "Legal Rights of Women in Russia, 1100-1750," Slavic Review
55 (1996), 1-23.
6. David Herlihy, Women, Family and Society in Medieval Europe (Providence,
1995), pp. 44-55, 135-53; Diane Owen Hughes, "From Brideprice to Dowry
in Mediterranean Europe," in The Marriage Bargain: Women and Dowries
in European History, ed. Marian A. Kaplan (New York, 1985), pp. 13-58;
Anthony Molho, Marriage Alliance in Late Medieval Florence (Cambridge,
MA, 1994); Jack Goody, The Development of the Family and Marriage in Europe
(New York, 1983), esp. pp. 66-67, 118-22, 240-61; Samuel K. Cohn Jr., The
Cult of Remembrance and the Black Death: Six Renaissance Cities in Central
Italy (Baltimore, 1992).
7. There is no recent economic history of Russia in this period, but
see L. V. Cherepnin, Obrazovanie russkogo gosudarstva v XIV-XV vekakh
(Moscow, 1960), pp. 149-452; N. A. Rozhkov, Sel'skoe khoziastvo
moskovskoi rusi v XVI veke (Moscow, 1899); A. Ia. Degtyarev, Russkaia
derevnia v XV-XVII vekakh (Leningrad, 1980); Lawrence N. Langer, "The
Medieval Russian Town," in The City in Russian History, ed. M. Hamm
(Lexington, 1976), pp. 11-33.
8. Brown, Cult of Saints, pp. 43-44.
9. Cohn, Cult of Remembrance, pp. 195-201, provides striking
evidence of this in towns of fourteenth-century Tuscany and Umbria.
10. Akty sotsial'no-ekonomicheskoi istorii severo-vostochnoi Rusi
[hereafter ASEI], 1, comp. S. B. Veselovskii (Moscow, 1952), no.
146; G. V. Semenchenko, "O khronologii Troitskikh aktov kontse XIV-pervoi
poloviny XV v.," Arkheograficheskii ezhegodnik [hereafter AE]
za 1984 god (Moscow, 1986), p. 106.
11. ASEI, 1, no. 64.
12. ASEI, 1, no. 231 (dated 1454), and p. 612; Semenchenko,
"O khronologii Troitskikh aktov vtoroi poloviny XV v.," AE za 1987 god
(Moscow, 1988), p. 45.
13. Akty russkogo gosudarstva, 1505-1526 [hereafter ARG],
comp. S. B. Veselovskii (Moscow, 1975), no. 72.
14. ARG, no. 259.
15. ARG, no. 261; Vkladnaia kniga Troitse-Sergieva monastyria
[hereafter VK], comp. E. N. Klitina (Moscow, 1987), p. 45.
16. VK, p. 66.
17. VK, p. 28; N. A. Maiasova, "Khudozhestvennye shit'e," Troitse-Sergieva
Lavra. Khudozhestvennye pamiatniki, ed. N. N. Voronin and V.
V. Kostochkin (Moscow, 1968), nos. 143, 155; Maiasova "Masterskaia khudozhestvennogo
shit'ia kniazei Staritskikh," Soobshcheniia Zagorskogo gos. ist.-khud.
muzeia 3 (1960), 41-64.
18. ASEI, 1, nos. 119, 267, 457, and 3, no. 467; S. B. Veselovskii,
Feodal'noe zemlevladenie v severo-vostochnoi Rusi (Moscow and Leningrad,
1947), p. 149 n. 3.
19. ARG, no. 260.
20. VK, p. 66.
21. ASEI, 1, no. 515.
22. E.g., a charter of 15 March 1553: S. A. Shumakov, Obzor
gramot Kollegii ekonomii, 4 vols. (Moscow, 1899-1917), 1:7.
23. ARG, no. 111.
24. ARG, no. 123.
25. ARG, no. 141.
26. Shumakov, Obzor, 1:316.
27. Shumakov, Obzor, 1:276.
28. Rossiiskaia gosudarstvennaia biblioteka [hereafter RGB],
Fund 303, no. 530, fols. 610-11.
29. Isolde Thyrêt, "‘Blessed is the Tsaritsa's Womb': The Myth
of Miraculous Birth and Royal Motherhood in Muscovite Russia," Russian
Review 53 (1994), 479-96; John V. A. Fine, Jr., "The Muscovite Dynastic
Crisis of 1497-1502," Canadian Slavonic Papers 8 (1966), 198-215.
30. T. V. Nikolaeva, Proizvedeniia russkogo prikladnogo iskusstva
s nadpisiami XV-pervoi chetverti XVI v. (Moscow, 1971), pp. 74-75,
143; here and below also see Thyrêt, "‘Blessed is the Tsarita's Womb,'"
pp. 486-91, 494; Miller, "The Cult of Saint Sergius," pp. 696-98.
31. Polnoe sobranie russkikh letopisei [hereafter PSRL]
34 (Moscow, 1978), 194; VK, p. 26, and Maiasova, "Khudozhestvennye shit'e,"
pp. 125-26.
32. PSRL, 29 (1965), 56.
33. PSRL, 21.2 (1913), 554.
34. PSRL, 29 (1965), 218.
35. ARG, no. 108.
36. Nancy Shields Kollman, Kinship and Politics: The Making of the
Muscovite Political System, 1345-1557 (Stanford, 1987), pp. 222-23;
Veselovksii, D'iaki i pod'iachie XV-XVII vv. (Moscow, 1975), pp.
278-80.
37. ARG, no. 259; VK, p. 90.
38. Shumakov, Obzor, 3:34-35. Vasilii's memorial also
provided for his tonsure: RGB, Fund 303, no. 532, fol. 481.
39. The earliest list dates from about 1650 and is incomplete; "Spisok
nadgrobii Troitskago Sergiev monastyria, sostavlennyi v polovine XVII veka,"
Chteniia Obshchestva istorii i drevnostei rossiiskikh 109 (1879),
79-107. Also Spisok pogrebennykh v Troitskii Sergievoi Lavre,
ot osnovaniia onoi do 1880 g. (Moscow, 1880).
40. ASEI, 1, no. 309; Shumakov, Obzor, 4:60, 280-81,
284; V. V. Zverinskii, Materialy dlia istoriiko-topograficheskogo issledovaniia
o pravoslavnykh monastyriakh v Rossiiskoi imperii, 3 vols. (St Petersburg,
1890-97), 3:198-99; M. S. Cherkasova, Zemlevladenie Troitse-Sergieva
monastyria v XV-XVI vv. (Moscow, 1996), pp. 102, 148, 202.
41. Zverinskii, Materialy, 3:399; ARG, no. 15 and p.
303.
42. Cohn, Cult of Remembrance, pp. 197-98.