1. Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary
(Oxford, 1988).
2. George Philip Krapp, ed., The Junius Manuscript, ASPR I (New York,
1931).
3. Mary Douglas, Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution
and Taboo (London, 1966), p. 12.
4. All quotations from Beowulf are from Fr. Klaeber, ed., Beowulf and
the Fight at Finnsburg (Lexington, MA, 1950). On Heorot as banfag, see also
hornreced, "gabled/horned building" (704), and horngeap, "wide-gabled" or "with
horn-shaped gables" (82).
5. Edward B. Irving, Jr., Rereading Beowulf (Philadelphia, 1989), p. 100.
6. Douglas, Purity, pp. 3-4.
7. Sarah Lynn Higley, "Aldor on Ofre, or The Reluctant Hart: A Study of
Liminality in `Beowulf,'" Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 87 (1986), 350.
8. Higley, "Aldor," pp. 350-51.
9. Kathryn Hume discusses the liminality of Grettir in "The Thematic Design of
Grettis saga," Journal of English and Germanic Philology 73 (1974), 469-86. See
also Laurence De Looze, "The Outlaw Poet, The Poetic Outlaw: Self-Consciousness in Grettis
saga Ásmundarsonar," Arkiv för nordisk filologi 106 (1991), 85-103.
10. Kirsten Hastrup, "Tracing Tradition An Anthropological Perspective on
Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar," in Structure and Meaning in Old Norse
Literature, ed. John Lindow, Lars Lönnroth, and Gerd Wolfgang Weber (Odense,
page 50
1986), p. 292.
11. All quotations from Grettis saga are from Guðni Jónsson,
ed., Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar (Reykjav¡k, 1936). Translations are from The
Saga of Grettir the Strong, trans. G. A. Hight (London and Melbourne, 1972).
12. Richard Cleasby and Gudbrand Vigfusson, An Icelandic-English
Dictionary, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1957). (See the discussion of nið and argr
by Sara Lynn Higley in this Volume.)
13. The best discussion of níð in the sagas to date is in Preben
Meulengracht Sørenson, The Unmanly Man: Concepts of Sexual Defamation in Early
Northern Society (Odense, 1983). See also Carol J. Clover, "Regardless of Sex: Men,
Women, and Power in Early Northern Europe," Speculum 68 (1993), 363-87.
14. Jónsson, Grettis saga, p. 68.
15. Douglas, Purity, p. 115.
16. Margaret Clunies Ross, "Two of Þórr's Great Fights
According to Hymiskviða," Leeds Studies in English 20 (1989), 21.
17. Margaret Clunies Ross, "An Interpretation of the Myth of
Þórr's Encounter with Geirroðr and His Daughters," in Specvlvm
Norroenvm: Norse Studies in Memory of Gabriel Turville-Petre, ed. Ursula Dronke,
Guðrún Helgadóttir, Gerd Wolfgang Weber and Hans Bekker-Nielson
(Odense, 1981), p. 387.
18. All quotations from Snorra Edda are from Guðni Jónsson,
ed., Edda Snorra Sturlusonar (Akureyri, 1954). Translations are from Jean I. Young,
trans., The Prose Edda of Snorri Sturluson: Tales from Norse Mythology (Berkeley,
1954).
19. Ross, "An Interpretation," p. 377.
20. Cf. Ross, "An Interpretation," pp. 380-83.
21. Renault-Krantz, Structures de la Mythologie Nordique (Paris, 1972),
pp. 146-47; cited in Ross, "An Interpretation," p. 372.
